Allergies to Pets

與過敏和平共處

原文引用自「美國人道協會」http://www.hsus.org/pets/pet_care/allergies_to_pets/

翻譯:Jenny C. 

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Being a pet owner is never easy. While pets bring us joy and companionship on a daily basis, they also require training, veterinary care, time, love, attention, and even tolerance. Tolerance is especially necessary when a pet owner is allergic to his or her companion animal.
 
身為寵物飼主不是件容易的事。寵物每天帶給我們歡樂與陪伴,但他們需要訓練、醫療、時間、愛、關注,甚至是忍受。對寵物過敏的飼主更是需要忍受他們的陪伴動物。

Studies show that approximately 15 percent of the population is allergic to dogs or cats. An estimated one-third of Americans who are allergic to cats (about two million people) live with at least one cat in their household anyway. In a study of 341 adults who were allergic to cats or dogs and had been advised by their physicians to give up their pets, only one out of five did. What's more, 122 of them obtained another pet after a previous one had died. It's clear the benefits of pet companionship outweigh the drawbacks of pet allergies for many owners. Living comfortably with a companion animal despite being allergic to him requires a good understanding of the allergic condition and an adherence to a few rules.

研究指出約有 15% 的人口對於貓狗過敏。約三分之一對貓過敏的美國人(約兩百萬人)家中仍然至少養一隻貓。一份針對 341 位對貓狗過敏之成人的研究報告指出,儘管醫生建議送走家中的寵物,但只有五分之一的人真的這麼做。此外,其中 122 位在原本的寵物過世後,仍然繼續飼養新的寵物。很顯然的,寵物陪伴的好處遠超過對寵物過敏的缺點。對寵物過敏的飼主如何與陪伴寵物擁有舒適的生活,除了需要對自己的過敏狀況非常了解外,還需要堅守一些原則。

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All cats and dogs are allergenic (allergy-causing) to people who are allergic to animals. Cats tend to be more allergenic than dogs for allergic people, although some people are more sensitive to dogs than cats. Contrary to popular belief, there are no "non-allergenic" breeds of dogs or cats; even hairless breeds may be highly allergenic.
 
所有貓狗對於所有對動物過敏的人們都是過敏來源(造成過敏)。貓相較於狗又更嚴重些,雖然有些人對狗比對貓容易過敏。與一般人的認知不同的是,世界上沒有「無敏」的貓狗品種;即便是無毛品種仍有可能是嚴重過敏源。

Dogs with soft, constantly-growing hair—the Poodle or the Bichon Frise, for example—may be less irritating to some individuals, although this may be because they are bathed and groomed more frequently. One dog or cat of a particular breed may be more irritating to an individual allergy sufferer than another animal of that same breed.

擁有柔軟、會不斷長長之披毛的狗 -- 例如貴賓或比熊犬 -- 對於某些人可能較不具刺激性,雖然這很可能是因為他們洗澡與美容的頻率較高。即使是同樣品種的貓或狗,有的貓狗又會比別隻更會讓對寵物過敏的人過敏。

The source of irritation to pet-allergic humans? Glands in the animal's skin secrete tiny allergy-triggering proteins, called allergens, that linger in the animal's fur but also float easily in the air. Allergens are present in the animal's saliva and urine, too, and may become airborne when saliva dries on the fur. The severity of reaction to these allergens varies from one person to the next, ranging from mild sniffling and sneezing to life-threatening asthma, and can be complicated by simultaneous allergies to other irritants in the environment.

寵物過敏來自動物皮脂腺所分泌會引發過敏的微小蛋白質,稱為過敏源,存在於動物的毛髮,以及漂浮在空氣中。動物的口水與尿液亦含有過敏源,且在毛髮上的口水乾掉以後,漂浮在空氣中。對這些過敏源的反應因人而異,從輕微的鼻塞到嚴重的氣喘,且存在於環境中的其他刺激性過敏源會讓情況加劇。

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If your or a family member's allergies are simply miserable, but not life-threatening, take these steps to reduce the symptoms:

如果您或家人的過敏只會不舒服,但不至於會危及生命,可以採取以下步驟減輕症狀:

  • Create an "allergy free" zone in the home—preferably the bedroom—and strictly prohibit the pet's access to it. Use a high-efficiency HEPA air cleaner (available at almost any home and garden store or discount department store) in the bedroom. Consider using impermeable covers for the mattress and pillows because allergen particles brought into the room on clothes and other objects can accumulate in them.

  • 在家中建立一個「無過敏」區域 -- 最好是臥房 -- 且嚴格禁止寵物進入。房間中使用高效能 HEPA 空氣清靜機(可輕易於任何電器通路或賣場購得)。床墊與枕頭建議使用具防塵蹣功能的床包式保潔墊與枕頭套,因為隨著衣著或其他物品帶進房裡的過敏源粒子通常會累積在這些地方。

  • Use HEPA air cleaners throughout the rest of the home, and avoid dust-and-dander-catching furnishings such as cloth curtains and blinds and carpeted floors. Clean frequently and thoroughly to remove dust and dander, washing articles such as couch covers and pillows, curtains, and pet beds. Use a "microfilter" bag in the vacuum cleaner to effectively catch all the allergens.

  • 家中其他地方亦使用 HEPA 空氣清靜機,並且避免會堆積灰塵與毛屑的家飾品,例如布製的窗簾與百葉窗,以及地毯。徹底且勤於清理家裡,清除灰塵與毛屑、清洗沙發套與抱枕、窗簾,以及寵物床罩等等。使用具「微塵過濾袋」的吸塵器,以有效清除所有的過敏源。

  • Bathing your pet on a weekly basis can reduce the level of allergens on fur by as much as 84 percent. Although products are available that claim to reduce pet allergens when sprayed on the animal's fur, studies show they are less effective than a weekly bath. Even cats can become accustomed to being bathed; check with your veterinarian's staff or a good book on pet care for directions about how to do this properly, and use whatever shampoo your veterinarian recommends.

  • 每個星期幫您的寵物洗澡可以大大減少寵物身上毛髮所攜帶的過敏源達 84%。雖然市面上有標榜可以噴在寵物毛髮上減少過敏源的商品,但研究指出這些都沒有每週洗澡有效。即使是貓,也可以習慣洗澡;有關針對這個問題的正確寵物照顧方式,請向您的獸醫諮詢,或買本好書來參考,並且使用獸醫推薦的洗毛精。

  • Don't be quick to blame the family pet for allergies. Ask your allergist to specifically test for allergies to pet dander, rather than making an assumption. And understand that allergies are cumulative. Many allergy sufferers are sensitive to more than one allergen. So if you're allergic to dust, insecticides, pollen, cigarette smoke, and cat dander, you'll need to reduce the overall allergen level in your environment by concentrating on all of the causes, not just the pet allergy. For example, you may need to step up measures to remove cat dander from your home and carefully avoid cigarette smoke during spring, when it is difficult to avoid exposure to pollen.

  • 不要隨便將過敏怪罪於家中寵物。請醫生幫您做過敏源檢測,確認您是否的確對寵物毛屑過敏,而不是自己臆測。並且了解過敏是會累積的。許多過敏患者對一種以上的過敏源過敏。因此,如果您對灰塵、殺蟲劑、花粉、香菸的煙或貓的毛屑過敏,就必須就所有的原因減少環境中整體的過敏源程度,而不是只針對寵物。例如,您可能需要加強清除家中毛屑的方法,並且在春季小心避免接觸香菸的煙,至於要避免暴露於花粉中則相當困難。

  • Immunotherapy (allergy shots) can improve symptoms but cannot eliminate them entirely. They work by gradually desensitizing a person's immune system to the pet allergens. Allergy-causing proteins are injected under the person's skin, triggering the body to produce antibodies (protective proteins) which block the pet allergen from causing a reaction. Patients are usually given one dose per week for a few weeks to months (depending on the severity of the allergy) and then can often manage with one injection per month.

  • 減敏治療(過敏源針劑)可以改善但無法完全去除過敏症狀。其治療方式是藉由逐漸鈍化過敏者免疫系統對於寵物過敏源的反應。將造成過敏的過敏源蛋白質注射於過敏者皮下,引發身體產生防止寵物過敏源造成反應的抗體(保護性蛋白質)。患者通常會連續數週或數月(取決於過敏嚴重程度)每週施打一劑,之後則每月施打一次控制。

  • Additional treatments for allergies to pets are symptomatic, including steroidal and antihistamine nose sprays and antihistamine pills. For asthma, there are multiple medications, sprays, and inhalers available. It is important to find an allergist who understands your commitment to living with your pet. A combination of approaches—medical control of symptoms, good housecleaning methods, and immunotherapy—is most likely to succeed in allowing an allergic person to live with pets.

  • 其他針對寵物過敏的治療取決於患者的症狀,包含類固醇與抗組織胺鼻噴劑與抗組織胺的藥。如是氣喘,有許多藥劑、噴劑與吸入劑可以使用。重要的是找到可以了解您對於飼養寵物的堅持的醫生幫您治療。藉由不同方式的組合 -- 藥物控制症狀、正確的打掃方式,以及減敏療法 -- 成功機率最大,大部分的飼主都能夠順利繼續飼養寵物。

Of course, if you do not currently have a pet and are considering one, and know you are pet-allergic, be sure to consider carefully whether you can live with the allergy before you bring a new pet home. Except in the case of children, who sometimes outgrow allergies, few allergy sufferers become accustomed to pets to whom they are allergic. Too many allergic owners obtain pets without thinking through the difficulties of living with them. And too often, they end up relinquishing pets, a decision that is difficult for the owner and can be life-threatening for the pet.

當然,如果您目前沒有寵物或考慮飼養寵物,但是知道自己對寵物過敏,請在把寵物帶回家之前,慎重考慮自己是否能與過敏和平共處。但小孩的話則除外,雖然有些隨著年齡的增長不再過敏,但只有少數的人會逐漸適應自己會過敏的寵物而不再過敏。有太多對寵物過敏的飼主在飼養之前,因為沒有想清楚自己會面臨的困難,最後棄養了自己的寵物,這對於飼主是個很難下的決定,且對於寵物,更是個可能會危害其生命的決定。

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